Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka galimoto yamagetsi yeniyeni ndi kosiyana ndi galimoto yachikhalidwe yoyendetsedwa ndi injini yoyaka mkati. Ndi ukadaulo wovuta kwambiri wamakina. Iyenera kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa batri yamagetsi, ukadaulo wamagetsi oyendetsa magalimoto, ukadaulo wamagalimoto ndi chiphunzitso chamakono chowongolera kuti ikwaniritse njira yabwino kwambiri yowongolera. Mu dongosolo lopanga sayansi ndi ukadaulo wamagalimoto amagetsi, dzikolo likupitiliza kutsatira kapangidwe ka R&D ka "atatu oyima ndi atatu opingasa", ndipo likuwonetsanso kafukufuku paukadaulo wofunikira wa "atatu oyima" malinga ndi njira yosinthira ukadaulo wa "pure electric drive", kutanthauza kafukufuku pa drive motor ndi njira yake yowongolera, batri yamagetsi ndi njira yake yoyendetsera, ndi njira yowongolera yamagetsi. Wopanga wamkulu aliyense amapanga njira yake yopangira bizinesi malinga ndi njira yadziko yopangira.
Wolembayo akulongosola ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu yatsopano yamagetsi, kupereka maziko a chiphunzitso ndi kufotokozera za kapangidwe, kuyesa, ndi kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi. Dongosololi lagawidwa m'magawo atatu kuti liwunikire ukadaulo wofunikira wa mphamvu yamagetsi mu mphamvu yamagetsi ya magalimoto amagetsi enieni. Lero, choyamba tipereka mfundo ndi magulu a ukadaulo wamagetsi.
Chithunzi 1 Maulalo Ofunika Pakukula kwa Powertrain
Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri wa magetsi amagetsi amagetsi akuphatikizapo magulu anayi otsatirawa:
Chithunzi 2 Ma Core Key Technologies a Powertrain
Tanthauzo la Dongosolo la Magalimoto Oyendetsa Galimoto
Malinga ndi momwe batire yamagetsi yagalimoto ilili komanso zofunikira pamagetsi agalimoto, imasintha mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi chipangizo chosungira mphamvu chomwe chili m'galimoto kukhala mphamvu yamakina, ndipo mphamvuyo imatumizidwa kumagudumu oyendetsera kudzera mu chipangizo chotumizira, ndipo magawo a mphamvu yamakina yagalimoto amasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndikubwezeredwa ku chipangizo chosungira mphamvu galimoto ikagunda. Dongosolo loyendetsera magetsi limaphatikizapo mota, njira yotumizira, chowongolera mota ndi zina. Kapangidwe ka magawo aukadaulo a dongosolo loyendetsera magetsi kumaphatikizapo mphamvu, torque, liwiro, voltage, chiŵerengero cha kutumiza, mphamvu yoperekera mphamvu, mphamvu yotulutsa, voltage, mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi zina zotero.
1) Wowongolera magalimoto
Imatchedwanso inverter, imasintha mphamvu yolowera mwachindunji ndi batire yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yosinthira.
◎ IGBT: chosinthira magetsi chamagetsi, mfundo: kudzera mu chowongolera, lamulirani mkono wa mlatho wa IGBT kuti mutseke ma frequency enaake ndi kusinthana kwa sequence kuti mupange alternating current ya magawo atatu. Mwa kulamulira chosinthira magetsi chamagetsi chamagetsi kuti chitseke, magetsi osinthira amatha kusinthidwa. Kenako magetsi a AC amapangidwa powongolera kayendedwe ka ntchito.
◎ Capacitance ya filimu: ntchito yosefera; sensa yamagetsi: kuzindikira mphamvu yamagetsi ya ma winding a magawo atatu.
2) Dongosolo lowongolera ndi kuyendetsa: bolodi lowongolera la kompyuta, IGBT yoyendetsa
Udindo wa wowongolera mota ndikusintha DC kukhala AC, kulandira chizindikiro chilichonse, ndikutulutsa mphamvu ndi torque yofanana. Zigawo zazikulu: switch yamagetsi yamagetsi, capacitor yamafilimu, sensor yamagetsi, dera lowongolera ma drive kuti litsegule ma switch osiyanasiyana, kupanga ma current mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga voltage yosinthira. Chifukwa chake, titha kugawa mphamvu yosinthira ya sinusoidal kukhala ma rectangles. Dera la ma rectangles limasinthidwa kukhala voltage yokhala ndi kutalika kofanana. X-axis imazindikira kutalika kwa kuwongolera poyendetsa kayendedwe ka ntchito, ndipo pamapeto pake imazindikira kusintha kofanana kwa dera. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphamvu ya DC imatha kulamulidwa kuti itseke mkono wa mlatho wa IGBT pa frequency inayake ndi sequence switch kudzera pa wowongolera kuti apange mphamvu ya AC ya magawo atatu.
Pakadali pano, zigawo zazikulu za circuit yoyendetsa zimadalira zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja: ma capacitor, machubu osinthira a IGBT/MOSFET, DSP, ma chips amagetsi ndi ma circuit ophatikizidwa, omwe amatha kupangidwa pawokha koma ali ndi mphamvu yofooka: ma circuit apadera, masensa, zolumikizira, zomwe zimatha kupangidwa pawokha: magetsi, ma diode, ma inductor, ma circuit board ambiri, mawaya otetezedwa, ma radiator.
3) Mota: sinthani mphamvu yosinthira ya magawo atatu kukhala makina
◎ Kapangidwe: zophimba kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, zipolopolo, mipata ndi mabearing
◎ Chigawo cha maginito: stator core, rotor core
◎ Circuit: stator winding, rotor conductor
4) Chipangizo Chotumizira
Bokosi la giya kapena chochepetsera mphamvu chimasintha mphamvu ya torque yotuluka ndi injini kukhala liwiro ndi mphamvu yomwe galimoto yonse imafuna.
Mtundu wa injini yoyendetsera
Ma mota oyendetsa magalimoto amagawidwa m'magulu anayi otsatirawa. Pakadali pano, ma mota olowetsa mphamvu a AC ndi ma mota ogwirizana ndi maginito okhazikika ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya magalimoto atsopano amagetsi. Chifukwa chake tikuyang'ana kwambiri ukadaulo wa AC induction motor ndi maginito ogwirizana ndi maginito okhazikika.
| Njinga ya DC | AC Induction Motor | Maginito Okhazikika Ogwirizana ndi Maginito | Njinga Yosakhazikika Yosinthira | |
| Ubwino | Mtengo Wotsika, Zofunikira Zochepa za Dongosolo Lowongolera | Mtengo wotsika, Kuphimba mphamvu zambiri, Ukadaulo wowongolera wopangidwa, Kudalirika kwambiri | Mphamvu Yaikulu, Kuchita bwino kwambiri, kukula kochepa | Kapangidwe Kosavuta, Zofunikira Zochepa za Dongosolo Lowongolera |
| Kulephera | Zofunikira pakukonza kwambiri, Liwiro lotsika, Mphamvu yochepa, moyo waufupi | Malo ochepa ogwira ntchito bwino Mphamvu yochepa | Mtengo wokwera Kusinthasintha kosakwanira kwa chilengedwe | Kusintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yamagetsi Phokoso lalikulu logwira ntchito |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito | Galimoto yamagetsi yaying'ono kapena yaying'ono yothamanga pang'ono | Magalimoto a Mabizinesi Amagetsi ndi Magalimoto Onyamula Anthu | Magalimoto a Mabizinesi Amagetsi ndi Magalimoto Onyamula Anthu | Galimoto Yogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zosakaniza |
1) AC Induction Asynchronous Motor
Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya mota ya AC inductive asynchronous ndi yakuti kuzunguliza kudzadutsa mu stator slot ndi rotor: kumayikidwa ndi mapepala opyapyala achitsulo okhala ndi maginito amphamvu. Magetsi a magawo atatu adzadutsa mu kuzunguliza. Malinga ndi lamulo la Faraday loyambitsa magetsi, mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira idzapangidwa, ndichifukwa chake rotor imazungulira. Ma coil atatu a stator amalumikizidwa pa madigiri 120, ndipo conductor wonyamula magetsi amapanga mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira. Pamene mphamvu ya magawo atatu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa dongosolo lapaderali, mphamvu ya maginito idzasintha mbali zosiyanasiyana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yosinthira nthawi inayake, kupanga mphamvu ya maginito yokhala ndi mphamvu yozungulira yofanana. Liwiro lozungulira la mphamvu ya maginito limatchedwa liwiro logwirizana. Tiyerekeze kuti conductor wotsekedwa wayikidwa mkati, malinga ndi lamulo la Faraday, chifukwa mphamvu ya maginito ndi yosinthasintha, Chizungulirocho chidzamva mphamvu ya electromotive, yomwe idzapanga mphamvu mu kuzungulira. Izi zili ngati chizunguliro chonyamula magetsi mu mphamvu ya maginito, ndikupanga mphamvu ya maginito pa kuzungulira, ndipo Huan Jiang ayamba kuzungulira. Pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chofanana ndi khola la agologolo, mphamvu yosinthira ya magawo atatu idzapanga mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira kudzera mu stator, ndipo mphamvuyo idzayambitsidwa mu khola la agologolo lomwe lili pafupi ndi mphete yomaliza, kotero rotor imayamba kuzungulira, ndichifukwa chake motayo imatchedwa injini yolowetsa. Mothandizidwa ndi induction yamagetsi m'malo molumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi rotor kuti ipange magetsi, ma flakes achitsulo oteteza amadzazidwa mu rotor, kotero kuti chitsulo chaching'ono chimatsimikizira kutayika kochepa kwa eddy current.
2) Mota yolumikizirana ya AC
Rotor ya mota yolumikizana ndi magetsi ndi yosiyana ndi ya mota yopanda magetsi. Maginito okhazikika amayikidwa pa rotor, yomwe ingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: mtundu woyikidwa pamwamba ndi mtundu wophatikizidwa. Rotor imapangidwa ndi pepala lachitsulo la silicon, ndipo maginito okhazikika amayikidwa. Stator imalumikizidwanso ndi alternating current yokhala ndi kusiyana kwa gawo la 120, komwe kumayang'anira kukula ndi gawo la sine wave alternating current, kotero kuti mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi stator ikhale yosiyana ndi yomwe imapangidwa ndi rotor, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito imazungulira. Mwanjira imeneyi, stator imakokedwa ndi maginito ndipo imazungulira ndi rotor. Kuzungulira pambuyo pa kuzungulira kumapangidwa ndi stator ndi rotor absorption.
Pomaliza: Kuyendetsa galimoto zamagalimoto zamagetsi kwakhala kofala kwambiri, koma sikuti ndi kamodzi koma kosiyanasiyana. Dongosolo lililonse loyendetsa galimoto lili ndi index yakeyake. Dongosolo lililonse limagwiritsidwa ntchito mugalimoto zamagalimoto zamagetsi zomwe zilipo. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi ma mota osasinthasintha komanso ma mota okhazikika a maginito, pomwe ena amayesa kusintha ma mota osafuna. Ndikofunikira kunena kuti kuyendetsa galimoto kumaphatikiza ukadaulo wamagetsi, ukadaulo wa ma microelectronics, ukadaulo wa digito, ukadaulo wowongolera wokha, sayansi yazinthu ndi magawo ena kuti awonetse kuthekera kwathunthu kogwiritsa ntchito ndikukula kwa magawo angapo. Ndi mpikisano wamphamvu m'magalimoto zamagalimoto zamagetsi. Kuti ikhale ndi malo m'magalimoto amagetsi amtsogolo, mitundu yonse yamagalimoto siyenera kungokonza kapangidwe ka injini, komanso kufufuza nthawi zonse mbali zanzeru komanso za digito zamakina owongolera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-30-2023
