Poyerekeza ndi ma radial flux motors, ma axial flux motors ali ndi zabwino zambiri pamapangidwe agalimoto yamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, ma axial flux motors amatha kusintha kapangidwe ka powertrain posuntha mota kuchokera ku axle kupita mkati mwa mawilo.
1.Mzere wa mphamvu
Axial flux motorsamalandira chidwi chowonjezereka (kupeza mphamvu). Kwa zaka zambiri, injini yamtunduwu yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma elevator ndi makina aulimi, koma pazaka khumi zapitazi, opanga ambiri akhala akuyesetsa kukonza ukadaulo uwu ndikuugwiritsa ntchito panjinga zamoto zamagetsi, mabwalo a ndege, magalimoto onyamula katundu, magetsi. magalimoto, ndipo ngakhale ndege.
Ma mota amtundu wa radial flux amagwiritsa ntchito maginito osatha kapena ma induction motors, omwe apita patsogolo kwambiri pakukhathamiritsa kulemera ndi mtengo. Komabe, amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri popitiliza kukula. Axial flux, mtundu wosiyana kwambiri wamagalimoto, ukhoza kukhala njira ina yabwino.
Poyerekeza ndi ma radial motors, gawo logwira ntchito la maginito la axial flux permanent magnet motors ndi pamwamba pa rotor yamoto, osati m'mimba mwake. Chifukwa chake, mumtundu wina wa mota, ma axial flux maginito okhazikika amatha kupereka torque yayikulu.
Axial flux motorsndizophatikizana kwambiri; Poyerekeza ndi ma radial motors, kutalika kwa axial kwa injini kumakhala kocheperako. Kwa ma gudumu amkati, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kwambiri. Mapangidwe ophatikizika a ma axial motors amawonetsetsa kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi ndi kachulukidwe ka torque kuposa ma radial motors, motero amachotsa kufunikira kothamanga kwambiri.
Kuchita bwino kwa ma axial flux motors nakonso ndikokwera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumapitilira 96%. Izi ndichifukwa cha njira yayifupi, yowoneka bwino, yomwe ingafanane kapena yokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma 2D radial flux motors pamsika.
Kutalika kwa galimoto kumakhala kochepa, kawirikawiri 5 mpaka 8 kufupikitsa, ndipo kulemera kumachepetsedwa ndi 2 mpaka 5. Zinthu ziwirizi zasintha kusankha kwa opanga nsanja zamagalimoto amagetsi.
2. Tekinoloje ya Axial flux
Pali ma topology awiri akuluakulu ama axial flux motors: wapawiri rotor single stator (nthawi zina amatchedwa makina amtundu wa torus) ndi rotor imodzi yapawiri stator.
Pakadali pano, ma mota ambiri okhazikika a maginito amagwiritsa ntchito radial flux topology. Kuzungulira kwa maginito kumayambira ndi maginito okhazikika pa rotor, kumadutsa dzino loyamba pa stator, ndiyeno kumayenda mozungulira pa stator. Kenako kudutsa dzino lachiwiri kuti mufike pachitsulo chachiwiri cha maginito pa rotor. Mu wapawiri rotor axial flux topology, flux loop imayamba kuchokera ku maginito oyamba, imadutsa axially kudzera m'mano a stator, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imafika pa maginito achiwiri.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti njira yosinthira ndi yayifupi kwambiri kuposa ya ma radial flux motors, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma mota ang'onoang'ono, kachulukidwe kamphamvu komanso kuchita bwino pamphamvu yomweyo.
Makina opangira ma radial motor, pomwe mphamvu ya maginito imadutsa pa dzino loyamba ndikubwerera ku dzino lotsatira kudzera pa stator, kukafika pa maginito. Magnetic flux amatsata njira ziwiri.
Njira ya maginito ya makina a axial magnetic flux ndi mbali imodzi, kotero kuti chitsulo chamagetsi chamagetsi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chitsulo ichi chimapangitsa kuti kusinthasintha kumadutse mosavuta, potero kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino.
Ma Radial flux motors nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma windings omwe amagawidwa, ndipo mpaka theka la malekezero ake sakugwira ntchito. Kuchulukana kwa koyilo kumabweretsa kulemera kwina, mtengo, kukana kwamagetsi, komanso kutayika kwa kutentha kwambiri, kukakamiza opanga kukonza mapangidwe omangika.
Koyiloyo imathama axial flux motorsndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo mapangidwe ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma windings okhazikika kapena ang'onoang'ono, omwe amathandiza kwambiri. Kwa makina amtundu wa stator radial, kuphulika kwa njira ya maginito mu stator kungabweretse zotayika zina, koma kwa axial flux motors, izi sizovuta. Mapangidwe a mapindikidwe a koyilo ndiye chinsinsi chosiyanitsa kuchuluka kwa ogulitsa.
3. Chitukuko
Ma Axial flux motors amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri pakupanga ndi kupanga, ngakhale ali ndi zabwino zaukadaulo, mtengo wawo ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa wa ma radial motors. Anthu amamvetsetsa bwino kwambiri ma radial motors, ndipo njira zopangira ndi zida zamakina zimapezekanso mosavuta.
Imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za ma axial flux motors ndikusunga mpweya wofanana pakati pa rotor ndi stator, popeza mphamvu ya maginito ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa ma radial motors, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusunga mpweya wofanana. The wapawiri rotor axial flux motor imakhalanso ndi vuto la kutentha, chifukwa mapiringirowo amakhala mkati mwa stator ndi pakati pa ma diski awiri ozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kovuta kwambiri.
Axial flux motors ndizovuta kupanga pazifukwa zambiri. Makina ozungulira apawiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira okhala ndi ma goli apamwamba (ie kuchotsa goli lachitsulo kuchokera pa stator koma kusunga mano achitsulo) amagonjetsa ena mwa mavutowa popanda kukulitsa kukula kwa injini ndi maginito.
Komabe, kuchotsa goli kumabweretsa zovuta zatsopano, monga momwe mungakonzere ndikuyika mano paokha popanda kugwirizana kwa goli. Kuzizira kulinso vuto lalikulu.
Zimakhalanso zovuta kupanga rotor ndi kusunga kusiyana kwa mpweya, monga rotor disc imakopa rotor. Ubwino wake ndikuti ma diski a rotor amalumikizidwa mwachindunji kudzera mu mphete ya shaft, kotero mphamvu zimathetsana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kunyamula mkati sikumalimbana ndi mphamvuzi, ndipo ntchito yake yokha ndiyo kusunga stator pakati pa ma diski awiri a rotor.
Ma stator single rotor motors samakumana ndi zovuta zamakina ozungulira, koma mapangidwe a stator ndi ovuta kwambiri komanso ovuta kukwaniritsa makinawo, komanso ndalama zofananira ndizokwera. Mosiyana ndi mota yamtundu uliwonse wa radial flux, njira zopangira ma axial motor ndi zida zamakina zangotuluka kumene.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi
Kudalirika ndikofunikira mumakampani amagalimoto, ndikutsimikizira kudalirika komanso kulimba kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana.ma axial flux motorskutsimikizira opanga kuti ma mota awa ndi oyenera kupanga anthu ambiri nthawi zonse kwakhala kovuta. Izi zapangitsa ogulitsa ma axial motor kuti azichita okha mapulogalamu ovomerezeka, ndipo wogulitsa aliyense akuwonetsa kuti kudalirika kwawo kwagalimoto sikusiyana ndi ma radial flux motors.
Chinthu chokhacho chomwe chingathe kutha muaxial flux injinindi zimbalangondo. Kutalika kwa axial magnetic flux ndi kochepa kwambiri, ndipo malo a ma bearings ali pafupi, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti azikhala "opitirira dimensioned". Mwamwayi, axial flux motor ili ndi misa yaying'ono yozungulira ndipo imatha kupirira kutsika kwa shaft yotsika ya rotor. Choncho, mphamvu zenizeni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zamoto wa radial flux.
Electronic axle ndi imodzi mwazinthu zoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma axial motors. Kukula kocheperako kumatha kutsekereza mota ndi gearbox mu axle. Mu ntchito zosakanizidwa, kutalika kwa axial kwa injini kumafupikitsa kutalika kwa njira yotumizira.
Chotsatira ndikuyika injini ya axial pa gudumu. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphamvu imatha kuperekedwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku mota kupita ku mawilo, ndikuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino kwa injini. Chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa ma transmissions, masiyanidwe, ndi ma driveshafts, zovuta za dongosololi zachepetsedwanso.
Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti masinthidwe wamba sanawonekere. Aliyense wopanga zida zoyambira akufufuza masinthidwe ake, monga kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a ma axial motors amatha kusintha kapangidwe ka magalimoto amagetsi. Poyerekeza ndi ma radial motors, ma axial motors ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma axial motors ang'onoang'ono angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi zimapereka zosankha zatsopano zamapulatifomu agalimoto, monga kuyika kwa mapaketi a batri.
4.1 Zida zamagulu
The YASA (Yokeless and Segmented Armature) topology yamagalimoto ndi chitsanzo chapawiri rotor single stator topology, yomwe imachepetsa zovuta kupanga ndipo ndiyoyenera kupanga misa. Ma motors awa ali ndi mphamvu yofikira 10 kW/kg pa liwiro la 2000 mpaka 9000 rpm.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chowongolera chodzipereka, imatha kupereka mphamvu ya 200 kVA ya injini. Wowongolerayo ali ndi voliyumu pafupifupi malita 5 ndipo amalemera ma kilogalamu 5.8, kuphatikiza kasamalidwe kamafuta ndi kuziziritsa kwamafuta a dielectric, oyenera ma axial flux motors komanso induction ndi radial flux motors.
Izi zimalola opanga zida zoyambira zamagalimoto amagetsi komanso opanga magawo oyamba kuti asankhe mosinthika mota yoyenera kutengera momwe akugwiritsira ntchito komanso malo omwe alipo. Kuchepa kwake ndi kulemera kwake kumapangitsa galimotoyo kukhala yopepuka komanso kukhala ndi mabatire ambiri, potero kumawonjezera mphamvu yamtunduwu.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito njinga zamoto zamagetsi
Kwa njinga zamoto zamagetsi ndi ma ATV, makampani ena apanga ma AC axial flux motors. Mapangidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pagalimoto yamtunduwu ndi mapangidwe a DC brush based axial flux, pomwe chatsopanocho ndi AC, chosindikizidwa bwino popanda brush.
Ma coil a ma motors onse a DC ndi AC amakhala osasunthika, koma ma rotor apawiri amagwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika m'malo mozungulira zida. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti sikufuna kusintha kwamakina.
Mapangidwe a axial a AC amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zamagalimoto zamagawo atatu a AC pama radial motors. Izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa mtengo, popeza wowongolera amawongolera ma torque, osati kuthamanga. Wowongolera amafunikira ma frequency a 12 kHz kapena apamwamba, omwe ndi ma frequency amtundu wa zida zotere.
Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumachokera kumalo otsika kwambiri othamanga a 20 µ H. Mafupipafupi amatha kuwongolera zamakono kuti achepetse phokoso lamakono ndikuonetsetsa kuti chizindikiro cha sinusoidal chikhale chosalala momwe zingathere. Kuchokera pamawonekedwe amphamvu, iyi ndi njira yabwino yopezera kuwongolera kwamoto kosavuta polola kusintha kwa torque mwachangu.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamagwiritsa ntchito kugawanika kwa magawo awiri, kotero kuti maginito amayenda kuchokera ku rotor kupita ku rotor ina kupyolera mu stator, ndi njira yaifupi kwambiri komanso yopambana kwambiri.
Chinsinsi cha kapangidwe kameneka ndikuti chimatha kugwira ntchito pamagetsi opitilira 60 V ndipo sizoyenera kumayendedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Choncho, angagwiritsidwe ntchito njinga zamoto magetsi ndi L7e kalasi magalimoto anayi matayala monga Renault Twizy.
Magetsi ochuluka a 60 V amalola kuti injiniyo ikhale yophatikizika ndi makina amagetsi a 48 V ndipo imathandizira kukonza ntchito.
Mafotokozedwe a njinga zamoto zamagudumu anayi a L7e mu European Framework Regulation 2002/24/EC akuti kulemera kwa magalimoto onyamula katundu sikuyenera kupitirira ma kilogalamu 600, kupatula kulemera kwa mabatire. Magalimoto awa amaloledwa kunyamula ma kilogalamu osapitilira 200 okwera, osapitilira ma kilogalamu 1000 a katundu, komanso ma kilowatts a injini osapitilira 15. The anagawira mapiringidzo njira angapereke makokedwe a 75-100 Nm, ndi pachimake linanena bungwe mphamvu 20-25 kW ndi mphamvu mosalekeza 15 kW.
Vuto la axial flux liri momwe ma windings amkuwa amawonongera kutentha, zomwe zimakhala zovuta chifukwa kutentha kuyenera kudutsa mu rotor. Mapiringidwe ogawidwa ndiye chinsinsi chothetsera vutoli, chifukwa ali ndi mipata yambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi, pali malo okulirapo pakati pa mkuwa ndi chipolopolo, ndipo kutentha kumatha kusamutsidwa kupita kunja ndikutulutsidwa ndi njira yozizirira yamadzimadzi.
Mitengo yambiri ya maginito ndiyofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a sinusoidal wave, omwe amathandizira kuchepetsa ma harmonics. Ma harmonics awa amawonetsedwa ngati kutentha kwa maginito ndi pachimake, pomwe zida zamkuwa sizingathe kunyamula kutentha. Kutentha kukachuluka mu maginito ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, mphamvu zimachepa, ndichifukwa chake kukhathamiritsa mawonekedwe a mafunde ndi kutentha ndikofunikira kuti ma motor agwire ntchito.
Mapangidwe a mota akonzedwa kuti achepetse ndalama ndikukwaniritsa kupanga makina ambiri. An extruded nyumba mphete sikutanthauza zovuta makina processing ndipo akhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zakuthupi. Koyiloyo imatha kuvulazidwa mwachindunji ndipo njira yolumikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yokhotakhota kuti isunge mawonekedwe oyenera a msonkhano.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti koyiloyo imapangidwa ndi waya wokhazikika womwe umapezeka pamalonda, pomwe chitsulo chachitsulo chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula cha alumali, chomwe chimangofunika kudulidwa. Mapangidwe ena amagalimoto amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zofewa za maginito pakupanga koyambira, komwe kungakhale kokwera mtengo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma windings ogawidwa kumatanthauza kuti chitsulo cha maginito sichiyenera kugawidwa; Zitha kukhala mawonekedwe osavuta komanso osavuta kupanga. Kuchepetsa kukula kwa chitsulo cha maginito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kupanga kwake kosavuta kumakhudza kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama.
Mapangidwe a axial flux motor amathanso kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna. Makasitomala ali ndi matembenuzidwe makonda opangidwa mozungulira kapangidwe koyambira. Kenako amapangidwa pamzere woyesera kuti atsimikizire kupanga koyambirira, komwe kumatha kubwerezedwanso m'mafakitale ena.
Kusintha mwamakonda makamaka chifukwa kachitidwe kagalimoto sikutengera kapangidwe ka axial magnetic flux motor, komanso mtundu wamagalimoto, batire paketi, ndi BMS.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-28-2023
