Mapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi yosiyana ndi yachikhalidwe chamtundu wa injini yoyaka mkati. Ilinso ndiukadaulo wamakina ovuta. Iyenera kuphatikizira ukadaulo wa batri yamagetsi, ukadaulo woyendetsa galimoto, ukadaulo wamagalimoto ndi malingaliro amakono owongolera kuti akwaniritse njira yowongolera bwino. Mu pulani yachitukuko cha sayansi yamagalimoto amagetsi ndi ukadaulo, dziko likupitilizabe kutsatira dongosolo la R&D la "atatu ofukula ndi atatu opingasa", ndikuwunikiranso kafukufuku waukadaulo wamba wa "atatu opingasa" molingana ndi njira yosinthira ukadaulo wa "Pure electric drive", ndiye kuti, kafukufuku wagalimoto yamagalimoto ndi makina ake owongolera, batire yamagetsi ndi kasamalidwe kake kachitidwe, ndi dongosolo lowongolera la powertrain. Wopanga wamkulu aliyense amapanga njira yake yopangira bizinesi molingana ndi njira yachitukuko cha dziko.
Wolembayo amasankha matekinoloje ofunikira pakupanga njira yatsopano yopangira mphamvu yamagetsi, kupereka maziko ongoyerekeza ndi mafotokozedwe a mapangidwe, kuyesa, ndi kupanga kwa powertrain. Dongosololi lagawidwa m'machaputala atatu kuti afufuze matekinoloje ofunikira amagetsi oyendetsa magetsi mumagetsi amagetsi amagetsi oyera. Lero, tiyamba kufotokoza mfundo ndi magulu a matekinoloje oyendetsa magetsi.
Chithunzi 1 Maulalo Ofunika Kwambiri pa Kukula kwa Powertrain
Pakadali pano, matekinoloje ofunikira kwambiri amagetsi amagetsi amagetsi akuphatikiza magawo anayi awa:
Chithunzi 2 The Core Key Technologies of Powertrain
Tanthauzo la Driving Motor System
Malinga ndi momwe batire yamagetsi yamagetsi imayendera komanso zofunikira za mphamvu yagalimoto, imatembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu pa bolodi kukhala mphamvu yamakina, ndipo mphamvu imaperekedwa kumawilo oyendetsa kudzera pa chipangizo chotumizira, ndi magawo. Mphamvu yamakina agalimoto imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndikubwezeredwa ku chipangizo chosungiramo mphamvu galimoto ikasweka. Dongosolo loyendetsa magetsi limaphatikizapo mota, makina otumizira, chowongolera ma motor ndi zinthu zina. Kapangidwe ka magawo aukadaulo amagetsi oyendetsa magetsi amaphatikiza mphamvu, torque, liwiro, voliyumu, kufalikira kwa kuchepetsa, mphamvu zamagetsi, mphamvu zotulutsa, voteji, zamakono, ndi zina zambiri.
1) Wowongolera magalimoto
Imatchedwanso inverter, imasintha kulowetsa kwachindunji ndi batire yamphamvu kukhala yosinthira. Zida zazikulu:
◎ IGBT: switch yamagetsi yamagetsi, mfundo: kudzera mwa wowongolera, wongolera mkono wa mlatho wa IGBT kuti mutseke ma frequency ena ndikusinthana kosinthira kuti mupange magawo atatu osinthasintha. Mwa kuwongolera chosinthira chamagetsi chamagetsi kuti chitseke, magetsi osinthira amatha kusinthidwa. Kenako voteji ya AC imapangidwa ndikuwongolera kuzungulira kwa ntchito.
◎ Mphamvu ya filimu: ntchito yosefera; Sensor yapano: kuzindikira mafunde a magawo atatu.
2) Kuwongolera ndi kuyendetsa dera: bolodi loyang'anira makompyuta, kuyendetsa IGBT
Udindo wa wowongolera magalimoto ndikutembenuza DC kukhala AC, kulandira chizindikiro chilichonse, ndikutulutsa mphamvu ndi torque yofananira. Zigawo zapakati: magetsi osinthira magetsi, capacitor ya kanema, sensa yamakono, control drive circuit kuti atsegule ma switch osiyanasiyana, kupanga mafunde mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga ma voltage alternating. Chifukwa chake, titha kugawa sinusoidal alternating current kukhala rectangles. Dera la rectangles limasinthidwa kukhala voteji ndi kutalika komweko. X-axis imazindikira kuwongolera kwautali powongolera kuzungulira kwa ntchito, ndipo pamapeto pake imazindikira kutembenuka kofanana kwa dera. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphamvu ya DC imatha kuwongoleredwa kuti itseke mkono wa mlatho wa IGBT pafupipafupi komanso kusinthana motsatizana kudzera mwa wowongolera kuti apange mphamvu zamagawo atatu a AC.
Pakali pano, zigawo zikuluzikulu za kayendedwe ka galimoto zimadalira zogulitsa kunja: ma capacitors, IGBT / MOSFET machubu osinthira, DSP, tchipisi tamagetsi ndi mabwalo ophatikizika, omwe amatha kupangidwa paokha koma ali ndi mphamvu zofooka: mabwalo apadera, masensa, zolumikizira, zomwe zimatha opangidwa paokha: magetsi, diode, inductors, multilayer madera matabwa, mawaya insulated, ma radiators.
3) Njinga: Sinthani magawo atatu osinthika kukhala makina
◎ Kapangidwe: zovundikira zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo, zipolopolo, ma shaft ndi ma bere
◎ Magnetic circuit: stator core, rotor core
◎ Dera: kuzungulira kwa stator, kondakitala wa rotor
4) Kutumiza Chipangizo
Bokosi la gear kapena chochepetsera limasintha kuthamanga kwa torque ndi mota kukhala liwiro ndi torque yofunikira ndi galimoto yonse.
Mtundu wamagalimoto oyendetsa
Magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto amagawidwa m'magulu anayi otsatirawa. Pakadali pano, ma AC induction motors ndi maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino yamagalimoto amagetsi atsopano. Chifukwa chake timayang'ana kwambiri ukadaulo wa AC induction motor ndi maginito okhazikika a synchronous motor.
| DC Motor | AC Induction Motor | Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor | Kusintha kwa Reluctance Motor | |
| Ubwino | Mtengo Wotsika, Zofunika Zochepa za Control System | Mtengo wotsika, Kuphimba mphamvu zambiri, Ukadaulo wowongolera, Kudalirika kwakukulu | High Power Density, Kuchita bwino kwambiri, kukula kochepa | Kapangidwe Kosavuta, Zofunikira Zochepa za Control System |
| Kuipa | Zofunikira pakukonza kwakukulu, Kuthamanga kochepa, torque yochepa, moyo waufupi | Malo ang'onoang'ono ogwira ntchito Kuchepa kwa Mphamvu Zochepa | Mtengo wokwera Kusasinthika kwachilengedwe | Kusinthasintha kwa torque yayikulu Phokoso logwira ntchito |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito | Galimoto yamagetsi yaying'ono kapena yaying'ono yothamanga kwambiri | Magalimoto Amagetsi Amagetsi ndi Magalimoto Okwera | Magalimoto Amagetsi Amagetsi ndi Magalimoto Okwera | Galimoto Yophatikizika-mphamvu |
1) AC Induction Asynchronous Motor
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya injini ya AC inductive asynchronous motor ndikuti mapindikidwe amadutsa pa stator slot ndi rotor: imayikidwa ndi mapepala opyapyala achitsulo okhala ndi maginito apamwamba kwambiri. Magetsi a magawo atatu adzadutsa pozungulira. Malinga ndi lamulo la Faraday's electromagnetic induction law, mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira idzapangidwa, chifukwa chake rotor imazungulira. Ma coil atatu a stator amalumikizidwa panthawi ya madigiri 120, ndipo woyendetsa pakali pano amapanga maginito ozungulira iwo. Pamene mphamvu ya magawo atatu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku dongosolo lapaderali, mphamvu za maginito zidzasintha mbali zosiyanasiyana ndi kusintha kwa magetsi panthawi inayake, kutulutsa mphamvu ya maginito ndi mphamvu yozungulira yofanana. Kuthamanga kwa maginito kumatchedwa synchronous speed. Tiyerekeze kuti woyendetsa wotsekedwa aikidwa mkati, malinga ndi lamulo la Faraday, chifukwa mphamvu ya maginito imasinthasintha, Lupu idzamva mphamvu ya electromotive, yomwe idzapanga panopa mu chipika. Izi zili ngati kuzungulira kwa maginito, komwe kumatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi pa loop, ndipo Huan Jiang amayamba kuzungulira. Pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chofanana ndi khola la gologolo, kusinthasintha kwa magawo atatu kudzatulutsa mphamvu yozungulira maginito kudzera mu stator, ndipo zamakono zidzapangitsidwa mu kanyumba kagologolo kamene kafupikitsidwa ndi mphete yomaliza, kotero kuti rotor imayamba kuzungulira, chifukwa chake injiniyo imatchedwa induction motor. Mothandizidwa ndi electromagnetic induction m'malo molumikizana mwachindunji ndi rotor kuti ipangitse magetsi, ma flakes achitsulo otsekereza amadzazidwa mu rotor, kotero kuti chitsulo chaching'ono chimatsimikizira kutayika kwa eddy pano.
2) AC synchronous motor
Rotor ya motor synchronous ndi yosiyana ndi ya asynchronous motor. Maginito okhazikika amaikidwa pa rotor, yomwe imatha kugawidwa m'magulu okwera pamwamba ndi mtundu wophatikizidwa. Rotor imapangidwa ndi pepala lachitsulo la silicon, ndipo maginito okhazikika amaphatikizidwa. Stator imalumikizidwanso ndi njira yosinthira ndi kusiyana kwa gawo la 120, yomwe imayendetsa kukula ndi gawo la sine wave alternating panopa, kotero kuti mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi stator ikutsutsana ndi yomwe imapangidwa ndi rotor, ndi maginito. munda ukuzungulira. Mwanjira iyi, stator imakopeka ndi maginito ndipo imazungulira ndi rotor. Kuzungulira pambuyo pa kuzungulira kumapangidwa ndi mayamwidwe a stator ndi rotor.
Kutsiliza: Kuyendetsa galimoto kwa magalimoto amagetsi kwakhala kofala, koma sikuli imodzi koma yosiyana. Dongosolo lililonse loyendetsa galimoto lili ndi index yake yokwanira. Dongosolo lililonse limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amagetsi omwe alipo. Ambiri aiwo ndi ma asynchronous motors ndi maginito okhazikika a synchronous motors, pomwe ena amayesa kusintha ma motors akusafuna. Ndikoyenera kunena kuti kuyendetsa galimoto kumaphatikiza ukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi, ukadaulo wa microelectronics, ukadaulo wa digito, ukadaulo wowongolera zokha, sayansi yazinthu ndi maphunziro ena kuti awonetse kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha maphunziro angapo. Ndi mpikisano wamphamvu mu magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi. Kuti mukhale ndi malo m'tsogolomu magalimoto amagetsi, mitundu yonse ya ma motors imafunikira osati kukhathamiritsa mawonekedwe agalimoto, komanso kufufuza mosalekeza mbali zanzeru ndi digito zamadongosolo owongolera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-30-2023
