Asynchronous ya magawo atatumotandi mtundu wa mota yolowetsa mphamvu yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi kulumikiza nthawi imodzi mphamvu ya AC ya magawo atatu ya 380V (kusiyana kwa magawo ndi madigiri 120). Chifukwa chakuti rotor ndi stator yozungulira mphamvu ya maginito ya mota ya magawo atatu yosasinthasintha imazungulira mbali imodzi komanso pa liwiro losiyana, pali kutsetsereka kwa liwiro, kotero imatchedwa mota ya magawo atatu yosasinthasintha.
Liwiro la rotor ya mota ya magawo atatu yosasinthasintha ndi lotsika kuposa liwiro la mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira. Kuzungulira kwa rotor kumapanga mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa cha kuyenda kogwirizana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo kumagwirizana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ipange mphamvu yamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zisinthe.
Poyerekeza ndi gawo limodzi losasinthasinthamota, magawo atatu osasinthasinthamotaali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino ndipo amatha kusunga zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka rotor kosiyana, ma mota a asynchronous a magawo atatu amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ya khola ndi mtundu wa bala.
Mota yopanda ulusi yokhala ndi chozungulira cha khola ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, ntchito yodalirika, kulemera kopepuka, komanso mtengo wotsika, zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Vuto lake lalikulu ndi vuto la kulamulira liwiro.
Rotor ndi stator ya mota ya magawo atatu yopanda mphamvu ya chilonda ilinso ndi ma windings a magawo atatu ndipo imalumikizidwa ku rheostat yakunja kudzera mu mphete zotsetsereka, maburashi. Kusintha kukana kwa rheostat kungathandize kuyendetsa bwino mota ndikusintha liwiro la mota.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya mota ya magawo atatu a asynchronous
Pamene mphamvu yosinthasintha ya magawo atatu yofanana ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku stator winding ya magawo atatu, mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira imapangidwa yomwe imazungulira mozungulira m'malo ozungulira amkati mwa stator ndi rotor pa liwiro lofanana n1.
Popeza mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira imazungulira pa liwiro la n1, woyendetsa rotor amakhala chete pachiyambi, kotero woyendetsa rotor amadula mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira ya stator kuti apange mphamvu ya electromotive yomwe yayambitsidwa (njira ya mphamvu ya electromotive yomwe yayambitsidwa imatsimikiziridwa ndi lamulo la dzanja lamanja).
Chifukwa cha kufupika kwa kondakitala wa rotor kumapeto onse awiri ndi mphete yafupikitsa, pansi pa mphamvu ya electromotive yomwe yayambitsidwa, kondakitala wa rotor amapanga mphamvu yoyambitsidwa yomwe ili mbali imodzi ndi mphamvu ya electromotive yomwe yayambitsidwa. Kondakitala wonyamula magetsi wa rotor amayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya electromagnetic mu stator magnetic field (njira ya mphamvuyo imatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la kumanzere). Mphamvu ya electromagnetic imapanga torque ya electromagnetic pa rotor shaft, zomwe zimapangitsa rotor kuzungulira mbali ya mphamvu ya magnetic yozungulira.
Kudzera mu kusanthula komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa, tinganene kuti mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya mota yamagetsi ndi iyi: pamene ma stator windings a mota a magawo atatu (aliyense wokhala ndi kusiyana kwa ngodya yamagetsi ya madigiri 120) amaperekedwa ndi ma alternating current alternating a magawo atatu, mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira imapangidwa, yomwe imadula rotor winding ndikupanga mphamvu yoyambitsa mu rotor winding (rotor winding ndi closed circuit). Woyendetsa rotor wamakono amatulutsa mphamvu ya maginito pansi pa mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira ya stator. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya maginito imapangidwa pa shaft ya mota, ndikuyendetsa mota kuti izungulire mbali yomweyo ndi mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira.
Chithunzi cha mawaya a mota yopanda magawo atatu
Kulumikiza koyambira kwa ma mota a asynchronous a magawo atatu:
Mawaya asanu ndi limodzi ochokera ku kuzunguliza kwa mota ya magawo atatu osasinthasintha amatha kugawidwa m'njira ziwiri zoyambira zolumikizira: kulumikizana kwa delta delta ndi kulumikizana kwa nyenyezi.
Mawaya asanu ndi limodzi=ma winding atatu a mota=malekezero atatu a mutu+malekezero atatu a mchira, ndi multimeter yoyezera kulumikizana pakati pa malekezero a mutu ndi mchira wa winding yomweyo, mwachitsanzo U1-U2, V1-V2, W1-W2.
1. Njira yolumikizira ya Triangle delta yamagalimoto a asynchronous a magawo atatu
Njira yolumikizira ya triangle delta ndiyo kulumikiza mitu ndi michira ya mizere itatu motsatizana kuti ipange triangle, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi:
2. Njira yolumikizira nyenyezi ya ma mota a asynchronous a magawo atatu
Njira yolumikizira nyenyezi ndiyo kulumikiza mchira kapena mutu wa ma windings atatu, ndipo mawaya ena atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maulumikizidwe amagetsi. Njira yolumikizira monga momwe yasonyezedwera pachithunzichi:
Kufotokozera kwa Chithunzi cha Mawaya a Magalimoto Atatu Osasinthasintha mu Zithunzi ndi Zolemba
Bokosi lolumikizira injini la magawo atatu
Pamene mota ya magawo atatu yopanda mphamvu yalumikizidwa, njira yolumikizira ya chidutswa cholumikizira mu bokosi lolumikizira ndi iyi:
Pamene mota ya magawo atatu yopanda mphamvu yalumikizidwa pakona, njira yolumikizira ya chidutswa cholumikizira bokosi lolumikizira ndi motere:
Pali njira ziwiri zolumikizira ma mota a asynchronous atatu: kulumikizana kwa nyenyezi ndi kulumikizana kwa katatu.
Njira yopangira katatu
Mu ma coil ozungulira omwe ali ndi voltage yofanana ndi waya, njira yolumikizira nyenyezi imakhala ndi kutembenuka kochepera katatu pa gawo lililonse (nthawi 1.732) komanso mphamvu yochepera katatu kuposa njira yolumikizira ya triangle. Njira yolumikizira ya mota yomalizidwa yakhazikika kuti ipirire voltage ya 380V ndipo nthawi zambiri si yoyenera kusinthidwa.
Njira yolumikizira ingasinthidwe pokhapokha ngati mulingo wamagetsi wa magawo atatu ndi wosiyana ndi 380V wamba. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mulingo wamagetsi wa magawo atatu ndi 220V, kusintha njira yolumikizira nyenyezi ya voltage yoyambirira ya magawo atatu ya 380V kukhala njira yolumikizira ya triangle kungagwiritsidwe ntchito; Pamene mulingo wamagetsi wa magawo atatu ndi 660V, njira yolumikizira yamagetsi ya magawo atatu ya 380V delta ingasinthidwe kukhala njira yolumikizira nyenyezi, ndipo mphamvu yake siisintha. Kawirikawiri, ma mota amphamvu otsika amakhala olumikizidwa ndi nyenyezi, pomwe ma mota amphamvu kwambiri amakhala olumikizidwa ndi delta.
Pa voltage yoyesedwa, mota yolumikizidwa ndi delta iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati yasinthidwa kukhala mota yolumikizidwa ndi nyenyezi, imakhala ya voltage yotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya mota ndi mphamvu yoyambira zichepe. Mukayambitsa mota yamphamvu kwambiri (njira yolumikizira ya delta), mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yayikulu kwambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu yoyambira pamzere, nthawi zambiri kumayambira pansi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira imodzi ndikusintha njira yoyambirira yolumikizira ya delta kukhala njira yolumikizira nyenyezi poyambira. Njira yolumikizira nyenyezi ikayambitsidwa, imasinthidwanso kukhala njira yolumikizira ya delta kuti igwire ntchito.
Chithunzi cha mawaya a mota yopanda magawo atatu
Chithunzi chakuthupi cha mizere yosinthira kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa ma mota a asynchronous a magawo atatu:
Kuti mota iyendetse bwino kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, magawo awiri aliwonse a magetsi ake amatha kusinthidwa mogwirizana (timatcha kuti kusintha kwa magetsi). Nthawi zambiri, gawo la V silinasinthe, ndipo gawo la U ndi gawo la W zimasinthidwa mogwirizana. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti gawo la injini likhoza kusinthidwa moyenera pamene ma contactor awiri akugwira ntchito, mawaya ayenera kukhala ofanana pa doko lapamwamba la contact, ndipo gawo liyenera kusinthidwa pa doko lapansi la contactor. Chifukwa cha kusinthana kwa gawo la magawo awiriwa, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti ma coil awiri a KM sangayatsidwe nthawi imodzi, apo ayi zolakwika zazikulu za gawo kuchokera ku gawo kupita ku gawo zingachitike. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizidwa kuyenera kuvomerezedwa.
Pazifukwa zachitetezo, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito njira yolumikizirana ya kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo yokhala ndi mabatani olumikizirana (makina) ndi contactor (yamagetsi); Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana ya mabatani, ngakhale mabatani akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo atakanikizana nthawi imodzi, ma contactor awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha gawo sangayatsidwe nthawi imodzi, kupewa ma digilikiti afupiafupi a gawo kupita ku gawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kwa ma contactor omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito, bola ngati chimodzi mwa ma contactor chili choyatsidwa, kulumikizana kwake kotsekedwa kwa nthawi yayitali sikutseka. Mwanjira imeneyi, pogwiritsa ntchito makina ndi magetsi awiri olumikizirana, makina opangira magetsi a mota sangathe kukhala ndi ma digilikiti afupiafupi a gawo limodzi, kuteteza bwino mota ndikupewa ngozi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ma digilikiti afupiafupi a gawo limodzi panthawi yosinthira gawo, zomwe zimatha kuyatsa contactor.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-07-2023
