Chithunzi cha mawaya ndi chithunzi chenicheni cha mizere yosunthira kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa ma motors atatu asynchronous!

A magawo atatu asynchronousgalimotondi mtundu wa motor induction yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi nthawi imodzi kulumikiza 380V magawo atatu a AC pano (kusiyana kwa magawo 120 madigiri).Chifukwa chakuti rotor ndi stator kuzungulira maginito atatu gawo asynchronous galimoto atembenuza mu njira yomweyo ndi pa liwiro osiyana, pali kuzembera mlingo, choncho amatchedwa atatu gawo asynchronous galimoto.

Liwiro la rotor la gawo lachitatu la asynchronous motor ndilotsika kuposa liwiro la maginito ozungulira.Mapiritsi a rotor amapanga mphamvu ya electromotive komanso yamakono chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka maginito, ndipo amalumikizana ndi maginito kuti apange torque yamagetsi, kukwaniritsa kusintha kwa mphamvu.

Poyerekeza ndi single-gawo asynchronousmagalimoto, magawo atatu asynchronousmagalimotokukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso amatha kusunga zida zosiyanasiyana.

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a rotor, ma motors atatu asynchronous amatha kugawidwa mumtundu wa khola ndi mtundu wa bala.

The asynchronous motor yokhala ndi khola rotor ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, ntchito yodalirika, kulemera kopepuka, ndi mtengo wotsika, womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Drawback yake yayikulu ndizovuta pakuwongolera liwiro.

The rotor ndi stator wa bala atatu gawo asynchronous galimoto alinso okonzeka ndi atatu gawo windings ndi olumikizidwa kwa rheostat kunja kudzera kuterera mphete, maburashi.Kusintha kukana kwa rheostat kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito agalimoto ndikusintha liwiro lagalimoto.

Mfundo ntchito atatu gawo asynchronous galimoto

Pamene ma symmetrical atatu gawo alternating panopa ntchito kwa magawo atatu stator mapindikidwe, ndi kasinthasintha maginito maginito kwaiye amazungulira wotchi motsatira mkati zozungulira danga la stator ndi rotor pa synchronous liwiro n1.

Popeza mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira imayenda pa liwiro la n1, woyendetsa wa rotor amakhala woyima pachiyambi, kotero woyendetsa rotor amadula stator yozungulira maginito kuti apange mphamvu ya electromotive (kuwongolera kwa mphamvu ya electromotive kumatsimikiziridwa ndi Dzanja Lamanja. ulamuliro).

Chifukwa cha kufupikitsa kwafupikitsa kwa woyendetsa wozungulira kumapeto onse awiri ndi mphete yachidule, pansi pa mphamvu ya electromotive yomwe imachititsa kuti magetsi azitha, woyendetsa galimotoyo adzapanga mphamvu yowonongeka yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu ya electromotive.Woyendetsa wamakono wa rotor amapatsidwa mphamvu yamagetsi mu stator magnetic field (kuwongolera kwa mphamvu kumatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lakumanzere).Mphamvu yamagetsi imapanga torque ya electromagnetic pa shaft ya rotor, ndikuyendetsa rotor kuti izungulira mozungulira maginito.

Kupyolera mu kusanthula pamwamba, tinganene kuti mfundo ntchito ya galimoto yamagetsi ndi motere: pamene magawo atatu stator windings ya galimoto (iliyonse ndi 120 digiri magetsi angle kusiyana) amadyetsedwa ndi magawo atatu symmetrical alternating panopa. , mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira imapangidwa, yomwe imadula mafunde a rotor ndikupanga mphamvu yowonjezera mumayendedwe a rotor (kuzungulira kwa rotor ndi dera lotsekedwa).Woyendetsa waposachedwa wa rotor amatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi pansi pakuchita kwa stator yozungulira maginito, Chifukwa chake, torque yamagetsi imapangidwa pa shaft yamoto, kuyendetsa galimotoyo kuti izungulire mbali yofanana ndi maginito ozungulira.

Mawaya chithunzi cha magawo atatu asynchronous motor

Mawaya oyambira amagawo atatu asynchronous motors:

Mawaya asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera kumapiringidzo a mota ya magawo atatu asynchronous amatha kugawidwa m'njira ziwiri zolumikizira: kulumikizana kwa delta delta ndi kulumikizana kwa nyenyezi.

Mawaya asanu ndi limodzi = ma windings atatu amoto = mitu itatu imathera + katatu mchira kumapeto, ndi multimeter kuyeza kugwirizana pakati pa mutu ndi mchira malekezero a malekezero ofanana, mwachitsanzo U1-U2, V1-V2, W1-W2.

1. Triangle delta kugwirizana njira kwa magawo atatu asynchronous Motors

Njira yolumikizira katatu ya delta ndikulumikiza mitu ndi michira ya mapindikidwe atatu motsatizana kuti apange makona atatu, monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera:

2. Njira yolumikizira nyenyezi yama motors atatu asynchronous motors

Njira yolumikizira nyenyezi ndiyo kulumikiza mchira kapena mutu wa ma windings atatu, ndipo mawaya ena atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kugwirizana kwa mphamvu.Njira yolumikizirana monga ikuwonekera pachithunzichi:

Kufotokozera kwa Chijambula cha Wiring cha Three Phase Asynchronous Motor mu Zithunzi ndi Zolemba

Bokosi lolumikizirana ndi magawo atatu

Pamene atatu gawo asynchronous galimoto chikugwirizana, njira yolumikizira ya chidutswa cholumikizira mu bokosi mphambano ndi motere:

Pamene atatu gawo asynchronous galimoto ndi ngodya chikugwirizana, njira yolumikizira ya mphambano bokosi kugwirizana chidutswa ndi motere:

Pali njira ziwiri zolumikizira ma motors atatu asynchronous motors: kulumikizana kwa nyenyezi ndi kulumikizana kwamakona atatu.

Njira ya triangulation

M'makoyilo okhotakhota okhala ndi voteji ndi m'mimba mwake wa waya, njira yolumikizira nyenyezi imakhala yocheperako katatu pagawo lililonse (nthawi 1.732) komanso mphamvu zochepera katatu kuposa njira yolumikizira makona atatu.Njira yolumikizira injini yomalizidwa yakhazikitsidwa kuti ipirire voteji ya 380V ndipo nthawi zambiri siyoyenera kusinthidwa.

Njira yolumikizira imatha kusinthidwa pokhapokha gawo lamagetsi la magawo atatu ndi losiyana ndi 380V wamba.Mwachitsanzo, pamene magawo atatu voteji mlingo ndi 220V, kusintha nyenyezi kugwirizana njira ya choyambirira magawo atatu voteji 380V kwa makona atatu kugwirizana njira angagwiritsidwe ntchito;Pamene gawo la magawo atatu voteji ndi 660V, choyambirira magawo atatu voteji 380V delta njira yolumikizira ingasinthidwe kukhala njira yolumikizira nyenyezi, ndipo mphamvu yake imakhala yosasinthika.Nthawi zambiri, ma mota amphamvu otsika amalumikizidwa ndi nyenyezi, pomwe ma mota amphamvu kwambiri amalumikizidwa ndi delta.

Pamagetsi ovotera, injini yolumikizidwa ndi delta iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Ngati isinthidwa kukhala mota yolumikizidwa ndi nyenyezi, imakhala yamagetsi ocheperako, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagalimoto ndikuyambira pano.Poyambitsa injini yamphamvu kwambiri (njira yolumikizira delta), yapano ndiyokwera kwambiri.Pofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu yoyambira pamzere, kutsika pansi kumatengedwa nthawi zambiri.Njira imodzi ndikusintha njira yolumikizira delta yoyambirira kukhala njira yolumikizira nyenyezi poyambira.Njira yolumikizira nyenyezi ikayamba, imasinthidwa kukhala njira yolumikizira delta kuti igwire ntchito.

Mawaya chithunzi cha magawo atatu asynchronous motor

Chithunzi chowoneka cha mizere yosinthira kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa ma motors atatu asynchronous:

Kuti mukwaniritse kuwongolera ndi kubweza kumbuyo kwa mota, magawo awiri aliwonse amagetsi ake amatha kusinthidwa molingana ndi mnzake (timachitcha kuti commutation).Nthawi zambiri, gawo la V limakhalabe losasinthika, ndipo gawo la U ndi gawo la W zimasinthidwa mogwirizana.Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti gawo linayendera galimoto akhoza kusinthanitsa modalirika pamene contactors awiri amachita, mawaya ayenera kukhala mogwirizana pa doko chapamwamba kukhudzana, ndi gawo ayenera kusinthidwa pa doko m'munsi wa contactor.Chifukwa cha kusinthana kwa magawo awiriwa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti ma coil awiri a KM sangathe kuyatsidwa nthawi imodzi, apo ayi gawo lalikulu mpaka gawo lalifupi lolakwika lingachitike.Chifukwa chake, kuphatikizana kuyenera kutengedwa.

Pazifukwa zotetezera, maulendo awiri olowera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kumbuyo ndi batani (makina) ndi contactor interlocking (magetsi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri;Pogwiritsa ntchito mabatani olumikizirana, ngakhale mabatani akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo akanikizidwa nthawi imodzi, ma contactor awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha gawo sangathe kuyatsidwa nthawi imodzi, kupeweratu magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kwa ma contactors omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, bola ngati imodzi mwazolumikizira imayendetsedwa, kukhudzana kwake kwanthawi yayitali sikungatseke.Mwanjira iyi, pakugwiritsira ntchito makina ndi magetsi olowera pawiri, mphamvu zamagetsi zamagalimoto sizingakhale ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono, kuteteza galimotoyo ndikupewa ngozi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha magawo ang'onoang'ono panthawi ya kusintha kwa gawo, komwe kumatha kuwotcha cholumikizira.